From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Authentication-Results: plum.tunbury.org; dkim=pass (1024-bit key; unprotected) header.d=inria.fr header.i=@inria.fr header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=dc header.b=XY9JzzzX; dkim=fail reason="signature verification failed" (1024-bit key; secure) header.d=polytechnique.org header.i=@polytechnique.org header.a=rsa-sha256 header.s=svoboda header.b=uQwXj2vc; dkim-atps=neutral Received-SPF: Pass (mailfrom) identity=mailfrom; client-ip=192.134.164.83; helo=mail2-relais-roc.national.inria.fr; envelope-from=caml-list-owner@inria.fr; receiver=tunbury.org Received: from mail2-relais-roc.national.inria.fr (mail2-relais-roc.national.inria.fr [192.134.164.83]) (using TLSv1.2 with cipher ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 (256/256 bits)) (No client certificate requested) by plum.tunbury.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 89E6B4003A for ; Tue, 10 Jun 2025 13:36:49 +0000 (UTC) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=inria.fr; s=dc; 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X-AV-Checked: ClamAV using ClamSMTP at svoboda.polytechnique.org (Tue Jun 10 15:36:41 2025 +0200 (CEST)) X-Spam-Flag: No, tests=bogofilter, spamicity=0.308463, queueID=04E12564E77 X-Org-Mail: alan.schmitt.1995@polytechnique.org Subject: [Caml-list] Attn: Development Editor, Latest OCaml Weekly News Reply-To: Alan Schmitt X-Loop: caml-list@inria.fr X-Sequence: 19339 Errors-To: caml-list-owner@inria.fr Precedence: list Precedence: bulk Sender: caml-list-request@inria.fr X-no-archive: yes List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: --=-=-= Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 SGVsbG8NCg0KSGVyZSBpcyB0aGUgbGF0ZXN0IE9DYW1sIFdlZWtseSBOZXdzLCBmb3IgdGhlIHdl ZWsgb2YgSnVuZSAwMyB0byAxMCwNCjIwMjUuDQoNClRhYmxlIG9mIENvbnRlbnRzDQrilIDilIDi lIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIDilIANCg0KUG9ydGFibGUg RXh0ZXJuYWwgRGVwZW5kZW5jaWVzIGZvciBEdW5lIFBhY2thZ2UgTWFuYWdlbWVudA0KU2VtZ3Jl 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Portable External Dependencies for Dune Package Management

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/portab= le-external-dependencies-for-dune-package-management/16767/1

Steve Sherratt announced

Dune lock directories record the names of any system packages needed to bui= ld projects or their dependencies. We've recently changed how this works in= the interest of portability.

Background on depexts in Opam

A system package, or external dependency, or depext as I'll re= fer to them from now on, is a non-Opam package which must be installed in o= rder for some Opam package to be built or for code in a package to be execu= ted at runtime. These packages must be installed by the system package mana= ger, or by some other non-Opam means such as manually building and installi= ng the package from source. Common types of depext are build t= ools such as the pkg-config command, often run to determine li= nker flags while building a package, or shared libraries such as libg= tk, which an OCaml project might link against to create GUIs.

Opam usually installs depexts automatically. Opam knows how to= invoke many different system package managers (such as apt or= pacman), so when installing a package with depexts Opam can run the commands appropriate to the current system to install t= he required packages using the system's package manager. For this to work, = Opam needs to know the name of the package within the package repository ap= propriate to the current system, and these names can vary from system to sy= stem. For example the pkg-config command is in a package named= simply pkg-config in the apt package manager on = Ubuntu/Debian systems, whereas in the third-party homebrew pac= kage manager on MacOS it's in a package named pkgconf. In orde= r to determine the right package name for the current system, the package m= etadata for Opam packages with depexts contains a list of all = the different known package names along with the conditions under which tha= t name is correct. Here is that list for the conf-pkg-config O= pam package: 

depexts: [
  ["pkg-config"] {os-family =3D "debian" | os-family =3D "ubuntu"}
  ["pkgconf"] {os-distribution =3D "arch"}
  ["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-family =3D "fedora"}
  ["pkgconfig"] {os-distribution =3D "centos" & os-version <=3D "7"}
  ["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-distribution =3D "mageia"}
  ["pkgconfig"] {os-distribution =3D "rhel" & os-version <=3D "7"}
  ["pkgconfig"] {os-distribution =3D "ol" & os-version <=3D "7"}
  ["pkgconf"] {os-distribution =3D "alpine"}
  ["pkg-config"] {os-distribution =3D "nixos"}
  ["pkgconf"] {os =3D "macos" & os-distribution =3D "homebrew"}
  ["pkgconfig"] {os =3D "macos" & os-distribution =3D "macports"}
  ["pkgconf"] {os =3D "freebsd"}
  ["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-distribution =3D "rhel" & os-version >=
=3D "8"}
  ["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-distribution =3D "centos" & os-version >=
;=3D "8"}
  ["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-distribution =3D "ol" & os-version >=3D=
 "8"}
  ["system:pkgconf"] {os =3D "win32" & os-distribution =3D "cygwinports=
"}
  ["pkgconf"] {os-distribution =3D "cygwin"}
]

depexts in Dune

Dune doesn't install depexts automatically as the Dune develop= ers are a little nervous about running commands that would modify the globa= l system state. This may change at some point, but for now Dune only provid= es support for listing the names of depexts, leaving it up to = the user to install them as they see fit.

The dune show depexts command can be used to list the de= pexts of a project. For that command to work the project must have a= lock directory. Here's an example of listing the depexts of a= project: 

$ dune pkg lock
...
$ dune show depexts
libao
libffi
pkgconf
sdl2

I ran these commands on a Mac with homebrew installed, so the package names= are from the homebrew package repo. Each package listed there is one of th= e depexts of a package whose lockfile appears in the project's= lock directory. Let's look at how this information is stored. Using = pkg-config as an example: 

$ cat dune.lock/conf-pkg-config.pkg
(version 4)

(build
 (run pkgconf --version))

(depexts pkgconf)

The relevant part for us is the depexts field. The current rel= eased version of Dune only stores the package's depexts for th= e system where dune pkg lock was run. The command dune s= how depexts simply concatenates the depexts fields from= each lockfile in the lock directory.

When thinking about portable lock directories I always like to imagine what= the experience would be using Dune for a project where the lock directory = is checked into version control. I frequently switch between using two diff= erent machines for development - one running Linux and the other running Ma= cOS. If I was to check in the lock directory I just generated on my Mac, an= d then check it out on Linux and continue development, dune show depe= xts would show me a list of packages for the wrong system!

Portable depexts in Dune

To make depexts portable, one's first instinct might be to use= the same approach as taken with the depends field outlined here, listing the depexts for = each platform for which the solver was run. Indeed such a change was added = to the Dune Developer Preview when we first introduced portable lock direct= ories, however we quickly realized a problem.

The depends, build, and install fiel= ds of a package rarely vary between OS distribution. It's reasonably common= for those fields to be different on different OSes, but very rare for them= to also be different on different OS distributio= ns. As such, it's expected that users will elect to solve their proj= ects for each common OS, but there would be little value in solving project= s for each OS distro. In fact solving for multiple distros would slow down = solving and bloat the lock directory, and users would somehow need to come = up with a definitive list of distros to solve for.

But the depexts field is high= ly-dependent on the OS distro since package names are specific to the packa= ge repository for a particular distro. Recall that the depexts= field in Opam package metadata lists package names along with the conditio= ns under which that package name should be used, e.g.: 

["pkg-config"] {os-family =3D "debian" | os-family =3D "ubuntu"}
["pkgconf"] {os-distribution =3D "arch"}
["pkgconf-pkg-config"] {os-family =3D "fedora"}
["pkgconfig"] {os-distribution =3D "centos" & os-version <=3D "7"}

These conditions almost always involve the name of the OS distro, and to ma= ke matters worse they also sometimes involve the OS version, as packages can change their names between different ver= sions of the same OS. Evaluating these conditions at solve time for platfor= ms with no distro or version specified tends to result in lockfiles with no depexts at all, since all th= e conditions evaluate to false.

The use case we have in mind for depexts in Dune is that a use= r will solve their project coarsely, usually just for each common OS with n= o consideration for distribution or version. Then when they run dune = show depexts, the depexts will be listed using names ap= propriate to the current machine. This means Dune needs to store enough met= adata about depexts to compute system-specific depext names at a later time. This means storing the same names and condition= s as are currently stored in Opam files, and deferring evaluation of the co= nditions until as late as possible, such as right when dune show depe= xts is run.

The latest version of the Dune Developer Preview does just this; translatin= g the depexts field from each package's Opam file into a Dune-= friendly S-expression. After this change, the depexts field of= conf-pkg-config's lockfile is: 

$ cat dune.lock/conf-pkg-config.4.pkg
...
(depexts
 ((pkg-config)
  (or_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_family} debian)
   (=3D %{os_family} ubuntu)))
 ((pkgconf)
  (=3D %{os_distribution} arch))
 ((pkgconf-pkg-config)
  (=3D %{os_family} fedora))
 ((pkgconfig)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} centos)
   (<=3D %{os_version} 7)))
 ((pkgconf-pkg-config)
  (=3D %{os_distribution} mageia))
 ((pkgconfig)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} rhel)
   (<=3D %{os_version} 7)))
 ((pkgconfig)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} ol)
   (<=3D %{os_version} 7)))
 ((pkgconf)
  (=3D %{os_distribution} alpine))
 ((pkg-config)
  (=3D %{os_distribution} nixos))
 ((pkgconf)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os} macos)
   (=3D %{os_distribution} homebrew)))
 ((pkgconfig)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os} macos)
   (=3D %{os_distribution} macports)))
 ((pkgconf)
  (=3D %{os} freebsd))
 ((pkgconf-pkg-config)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} rhel)
   (>=3D %{os_version} 8)))
 ((pkgconf-pkg-config)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} centos)
   (>=3D %{os_version} 8)))
 ((pkgconf-pkg-config)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os_distribution} ol)
   (>=3D %{os_version} 8)))
 ((system:pkgconf)
  (and_absorb_undefined_var
   (=3D %{os} win32)
   (=3D %{os_distribution} cygwinports)))
 ((pkgconf)
  (=3D %{os_distribution} cygwin)))

That's a 1:1 translation of the depexts field from conf-= pkg-config's Opam file. There's enough information there so that the= appropriate package name can be computed on demand rather than just at sol= ve time.

This bring us a step closer to a world where Dune users can check their loc= k directories into version control with confidence that their builds are re= producible across different platforms. To try out the latest version of the= Dune Developer Preview, go to prev= iew.dune.build.

Semgrep is hiring OCaml developers to work on the static analy= sis engine

Archive: https://d= iscuss.ocaml.org/t/job-remote-semgrep-is-hiring-ocaml-developers-to-work-on= -the-static-analysis-engine/16771/1

iago announced

Semgrep is an application security company focused on detecting and remedia= ting vulnerabilities. The static analysis engine is primarily written in OC= aml. We are looking for a senior software engineer to join the Code team, w= here we focus on first-party code vulnerability and secrets scanning.

The ideal candidate has experience building program analysis tooling or cod= e scanners (perhaps in a research context).

Both on-site and remote work are OK.

If this sounds interesting to you, see our job posting at Senior Program Analysis= Engineer, Code.

Let me know if you have any questions!

Elpe, a config-as-code build system written in OCaml+Rust

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/elpe-a-c= onfig-as-code-build-system-written-in-ocaml-rust/16783/1

pmeunier announced

I just released the first version of Elpe, a build system designed as a ble= nd of Nix and Ubuntu.

It uses OCaml for the frontend, and communicates with a Rust backend via gR= PC.

Blog post about it

Dune dev meeting

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-dune-dev-meeting/14994/31

Etienne Marais announced

Hello :vulcan_salute:=20 The next Dune Dev Meeting will be tomorrow on Wednesday, June, 11th at 1= 6:00 CEST. This is going to be a one-hour-long meeting.

Whether you are a maintainer, a regular contributor, a new joiner or just c= urious, you are welcome to join: these discussions are opened! The goal of = these meetings is to provide a place to discuss the ongoing work together a= nd synchronize with the Dune developers :+1:

The agenda is available on the meeting dedicated page. Feel free to add more= items in it.

Old CWN

If you happen to miss a CWN, you can send me a message and I'll mail it to you, or go take a loo= k at the archive or the <= a href=3D"https://alan.petitepomme.net/cwn/cwn.rss">RSS feed of the archive= s.

If you also wish to receive it every week by mail, you may subscribe to the= caml-list.

--=-=-=--