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(256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) server-digest SHA256) (No client certificate requested) by mail1.g3.pair.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 6038B582C2E; Sat, 5 Apr 2025 00:27:39 -0400 (EDT) Date: Sat, 5 Apr 2025 13:26:53 +0900 From: Oleg To: caml-list@inria.fr Message-ID: Mail-Followup-To: Oleg , caml-list@inria.fr MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=okmij.org; h=date:from:to:subject:message-id:mime-version:content-type; s=pair-202411190653; bh=aKlhXjVzwyBCZZirVlwCYA87j5ctdZRNfFl/q+1O/WU=; b=p7BRaJJzJa/78ntcs6WLZom4CwuqN9GIeS7DFBvxU9JK3T8sN1/X8QT38ncnD9+ha5mUcQhGyjKP59N6fBqXnxtnTPeC0/RTcFvlLCT9aeMtT53hMk8sqeN8Tdc/6nHTwMmju8hgPalfzVe5wng+arSbt4KxVrfPQDKGZr2QTedYCumgab499Ud2lilnFav/slpX9SsWqvuYPu2RN24Lj80YMzimTy1PFtKp5OCpPz6cn883Pl/s71DMCFXCyg9Gy3AiKa6LRe5vRrTnPXrsQKLqNV31MFJ9AxHXJ3z2H6O/Y+bU7TRUgXbe+o3fnNHFiUnW8vhxu+CNN4pU5wLxSA== X-Scanned-By: mailmunge 3.11 on 66.39.3.114 Subject: [Caml-list] Separate compilation Reply-To: Oleg X-Loop: caml-list@inria.fr X-Sequence: 19289 Errors-To: caml-list-owner@inria.fr Precedence: list Precedence: bulk Sender: caml-list-request@inria.fr X-no-archive: yes List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Unsubscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: In designing separate compilation, OCaml has decided to restrict the correspondence between separately compiled modules and their interfaces to one-to-one. The restriction is indeed limiting: making the linking with alternative/improved implementations, and the implementation extension/evolution ungainly (in fact, seemingly impossible). To be concrete: suppose we have an interface A.mli and two implementations of it: A1.ml and A2.ml. We also have the user code B.ml: open A ... using the operations of A We want to compile B.ml and link that B.cmo with either implementation. As posed, the problem seem unsolvable: we need either modify the source B.ml to refer to a particular implementation, or turn B.ml into a functor (which could be inconvenient, and also suboptimal: calls to A operations become indirect). For the next problem, assume the interface U.mli and its implementation U.ml. We want to extend them -- say, add a new operation to the interface and the implementation -- without modifying U.mli/U.ml and without cut-and-paste. That is, we want merely `include' U and add the new operation -- making a `diff' so to speak. If U.mli abstracts away the implementation details, and if they are needed to implement the new operation, the problem seem unsolvable. It turns out there are work-arounds for both problems, which solve them, albeit not elegantly. The full explanation is a bit too long for this message; please see https://okmij.org/ftp/ML/module-extensibility.html The work-arounds are simple. Should OCaml developers be so inclined, they may be incorporated in OCaml.