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Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable OCaml Weekly News

OCaml Weekly News

Previous Week<= /a> Up Next Week

Hello

Here is the latest OCaml Weekly News, for the week of September 13 to 20, 2= 022.

Sandmark Nightly Service now reports Instructions Retired alon= g with Time

Archive: https://discuss.oca= ml.org/t/sandmark-nightly-service-now-reports-instructions-retired-along-wi= th-time/10475/1

Shakthi Kannan announced

Sandmark Nightly is a service for the OCaml compiler developers that helps = benchmark the development branches of the compiler on the large set of Sandmark benchmarks on tuned machines and repo= rts the results in an interactive UI. Currently, Sandmark nightly reported many metrics including running time. B= ut running time is a notoriously noisy metric on modern architectures due to the effects of modern OS, arch and mi= cro-arch optimisations. There could be swings of 50% in either directions when the directory in which the program = is run changes.

While we run Sandmark benchmarks on tuned machines, we still see impact of = noise on the real time measurements. To this end, we introduce a new metric into Sandmark nightly that in addition = to real time, would help interpret the results accounting for the noise. We now report =E2=80=9Cinstructions retir= ed=E2=80=9D for Sandmark runs. Instructions retired report the number of instructions executed by the program during its run an= d hence is shielded from the noise that affects real time measurements. Of course, the same number of instructions = may be discharged at different rates by the processor due to instruction-level parallelism and hence, the instructi= ons discharged metric should be used in conjunction with real time measurements. For example, if a new compiler fea= ture adds 2 instructions to the prolog of the function, then the instructions retired metric should inform you how ma= ny new instructions are actually executed on top of the baseline.

The instructions retired metric is collected from perf command= . We also have other useful metrics from perf such as page faults, branches, branch misses, cache misses at various levels of = the hierarchy, etc. We will add graphs to report these going forward. Enjoy the new feature, and as ever, report issu= es and bugs to S= andmark Issues.

The web service is available at ht= tps://sandmark.tarides.com and you can select the Perfstat Output= radio button on the left panel as shown below.

3D"5f9d3d8d87=

After selecting the variants and a baseline for comparison, you can view th= e normalised instructions per cycle change as illustrated below:

3D"1baf673b12=

You can also request for your development branches to be added to the Sandm= ark Nightly Service at the sandmark= -nightly-config repository for the nightly runs.

References

  1. Run perfstat with Sandmark nightly service. Sandmark PR #394
  2. Add webpage with perfstat output from Sandmark. Sandmark-nightly PR #81
  3. perfstat.ipynb. Sandmark perfstat Jupyter notebook=

Outreachy December 2022

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/outreachy-december-2022/10336/18

Patrick Ferris said

Just a reminder the deadline for mentor signup is in 9 days, the same day as https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/outreachy-sum= mer-22-closing-commemoration-session-on-23rd-sept/10450 :camel:

Unicode 15.0.0 update for Uucd, Uucp, Uunf and Uuseg

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ann-unicod= e-15-0-0-update-for-uucd-uucp-uunf-and-uuseg/10485/1

Daniel B=C3=BCnzli announced

Unicode 15.0.0 was released on the 13th of september. It adds 4489 new char= acters to the standard.

Given the increasing contributions from the South Asian subcontinent to OCa= ml we are glad this includes support for the 42 (sic) characters of the Nag Mundari script. For information about th= e other additions, see the announcement page.

Accordingly the libraries mentioned at the end of this message had to be up= dated. Consult the individual release notes for details. Both Uucd and Uucp are incompatible releases sinces new = script and block enumerants had to be added.

Note that starting from Unicode 16.0.0 =E2=80=93 that is in a year =E2=80= =93 these libraries will be changed to use the UTF decoders of the standard library rather than rely on Uutf. They will thus only be av= ailable for OCaml >=3D 4.14.

The OCaml tips of the minimal Unicode introduction, which you should read if Unico= de still puzzles you, have been updated to mention the new standard library UTF decoders.

Also, the ucharinfo tool distributed with uucp[^1= ] can now also lookup characters by matching substrings in their Unicode name or name aliases.

Best,

Daniel

A big thanks for funding from the OCaml So= ftware Foundation and from my faithful donators.

[^1]: It’s a depopt you’ll need opam install cmdliner uut= f uunf uucp to install it.

OUPS meetup september 2022 (french only)

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/oups-meetup-september-2022= -french-only/10492/1

zapashcanon announced

(this is in french only as the talks will be in french it=E2=80=99s probabl= y not relevant for english speakers)

Le prochain OUPS aura lieu le jeudi 29 septembre 2022. Le rendez-vou= s est fix=C3=A9 =C3=A0 19h au 4 place Jussieu (salle =C3=A0 pr=C3=A9ciser), 75005 Paris.

L= ’inscription est obligatoire pour pouvoir acc=C3=A9der au meetup !

Les expos=C3=A9s seront =C3=A9galement retransmis en ligne sur le gal=C3=A8ne du OUPS.

Toutes les informations sont disponibles sur le site du OUPS.

Programme :

COBOL 101 – =C3=89milien Lemaire

COBOL est un langage tr=C3=A8s ancien et est assez =C3=A9loign=C3=A9 de ceu= x que nous manipulons tous les jours. Malgr=C3=A9 cela il reste l’un des plus utilis=C3=A9s dans le monde.

Durant cette pr=C3=A9sentation je vais donc vous introduire au langage, voi= r comment sont =C3=A9crit les programmes, comment les variables sont-elles d=C3=A9clar=C3=A9es et comment les manipuler. Je v= ais aussi vous pr=C3=A9senter quelques features “int=C3=A9ressantes” du langage, dont certaines sont inattendue= s.

OCaml Multicore – Florian Angeletti

Opam-bin: Opam et paquets binaires – Fabrice Le Fessant

L’utilisation d’un gestionnaire de paquets sources comme Opam n= ’est pas toujours optimale en temps, car l’outil passe beaucoup de temps =C3=A0 recompiler des paquets, d=C3=A8j=C3=A0 compi= l=C3=A9s dans le pass=C3=A9 ou par d’autres utilisateurs. Le plugin Opam-bin r=C3=A9pond =C3=A0 ce probl=C3=A8me en permettant de cr=C3= =A9er =C3=A0 la vol=C3=A9e des paquets binaires, qui seront r=C3=A9utilis= =C3=A9s =C3=A0 l’avenir et peuvent =C3=AAtre partag=C3=A9s avec d’autres utili= sateurs. L’expos=C3=A9 montre son utilisation et comment il fonctionne.

Les pr=C3=A9sentations seront suivies par des discussions libres. Les pizza= s seront offertes par la fondation OCaml ! :pizza:

strymonas v2: library for highest-performance stream processin= g

Archive: https://sympa.inria.fr/sympa/arc/caml-list/2022-09/msg00004.html=

Oleg announced

As has just been announced at the OCAML 2022 workshop, the new, re-written version of strymonas library is now available at

https://strymonas.github.io

Strymonas is the stream processing library that achieves the highest performance of existing OCaml streaming libraries, attaining the speed and memory efficiency of hand-written state machines. It supports finite and infinite streams with the familiar declarative interface, of any combination of map, filter, take(while), drop(while), zip, flatmap combinators and tupling. Experienced users may use the lower-level interface of stateful streams and implement accumulating maps, compression and windowing. The library is based on assured code generation (at present, of OCaml and C) and guarantees in all cases complete fusion.

Compared with the original strymonas (POPL 2017), the new version is completely re-written and:

  • Generates not only OCaml but also C (which needs no OCaml run-time and vectorizable)
  • Has Core + code-generation Backends architecture: MetaOCaml is needed only for the OCaml backend and benchmarks; the Core and the C generation backend are pure OCaml. More backends can be easily added.
  • The complete fusion is now achieved in all cases
  • Supports both user-friendly and familiar declarative combinators, and low-level core of stafeful streams (which can be used together)
  • Core streams support streams over tuples, records and even abstract data types
  • Fusion is now performed as normalization-by-evaluation

The paper https://s= trymonas.github.io/docs/ocaml-22.pdf and the OCAML 2022 talk (soon to be available on YouTube’s SIGPLAN ch= annel, among all other talks of the ICFP 2022 event) give more details. The github repo contains the complete code of the library, examples and all benchmarks.

OCaml Community Code of Conduct

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/ocaml-community-code-of-conduct/1= 0494/1

Sudha Parimala announced

Hello all! On behalf of the OCaml CoC committee, I’d like to present = the proposed Code of Conduct for the OCaml community. We hope this is a step towards ensuring a friendly and inclusive= community for everyone.

The CoC text, based on Contributor Covenant can be found here.

The committee

The current committee consists of the following people:

  • Louis Roch=C3=A9 ( @Khady, Ahrefs)
  • Marcello Seri ( @mseri, University of Groningen)
  • Raja Boujbel ( @rjbou, OCamlPro)
  • Simon Cruanes ( @c-cube, Imandara Software)
  • Sonja Heinze (@pitag, Tarides)

Scope

The spaces within the scope of the committee at the moment are:

  • discuss.ocaml.org
  • OCaml mailing list
  • OCaml IRC
  • OCaml GitHub organisation

Timeline

The committee has discussed on the CoC text. We’d be happy to hear an= y feedback from the community. If all goes well, the CoC will be enforced roughly a month from now. We’ll keep t= his thread updated with any developments.

Role of OCaml Software foundation

While this effort is endorsed by the OCaml Software Foundation, they’= re not directly involved with the committee’s operation or decisions by the committee on the enforcement, and this would = remain the same in future.

Onboarding more projects

The committee is open to onboarding more projects under the umbrella of thi= s CoC.

We see two ways to go forward:

(1) Projects adopt the CoC text and the project maintainers do the moderati= on work themselves.

(2) Projects adopt the CoC text and the committee would also act as arbitre= rs for violation reports submitted to them.

Ideally we could do a combination of both. Smaller projects could possibly = adopt the latter and take help from the committee for enforcement, while bigger projects with capacity to do the mo= deration themselves can adopt the CoC text. The decision to accept projects into the umbrella lies with the commi= ttee.

We’re keen to hear any thoughts or suggestions for improvement. If yo= u’re interested to adopt this CoC for your OCaml project, please don’t hesitate to post here or contact me (writ= e to me at sudharg247 [at] gmail [dot] com or DM here) or any of the committee members (DM here).

Use OCaml to interact with Neovim

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/what-will-be-req= uired-to-transpile-ocaml-to-lua/10493/10

Deep in this thread, Dani Dickstein said

For the Neovim-specific use case, you may want to take a look at vcaml, which lets you write OCaml programs that interact with Neovim over msgpack = RPC. Do note though that while the library as-is should provide you with the functionality you need, it is und= er active development so the API may change (improve) in significant ways between releases.

What will be required to transpile OCaml to Lua?

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/what-will-be-req= uired-to-transpile-ocaml-to-lua/10493/14

Deep in this thread, David Jeffrey said

Doesn’t necessarily help much, but a while ago I wrote a proof-of-con= cept ML-style language (using OCaml, of course) that transpiled to Lua - htt= ps://github.com/merle-lang/luml (I was mostly thinking about targeting = game engines… I did enough to implement Tetris and then gave up on it).

The module that emits Lua source code was pretty simple: h= ttps://github.com/merle-lang/luml/blob/master/lib/compile.ml - I did th= inking about trying to target byte code but it seemed tricky due to different Lua versions, I think.

OBazl Toolsuite - tools for building OCaml with Bazel

Archive: https://discuss.ocaml.org/t/obazl-toolsu= ite-tools-for-building-ocaml-with-bazel/10021/10

Continuing this thread, james woodyatt asked and Greg= g Reynolds replied

Any chance we might see a conf-bazel package added to OPAM so = a package can depend on a compatible version of Bazel being installed on the host?

I’ve put a lot of work into seamless OPAM integration, but only in on= e direction: make it easy to use OPAM resources in a Bazel build program. I have not put much thought into integrating Baze= l itself into the OPAM ecosystem. For example publishing a Bazel-enabled package to OPAM. It looks like writing = such a conf-bazel package would be pretty easy, but I’m not sure it would do us much good at the moment. What = specific use cases do you have in mind?

There are two ways to integrate Bazel and OPAM. One is to automatically ge= nerate BUILD.bazel files for OPAM packages. Then Bazel would build everything, eliminating the need for the O= PAM engine. This is the strategy followed by rust (tool: cargo_raze, evidently now supplanted by crate_unive= rse) and go (tool: gazelle). Unfortunately a complete solution along these lines is not feasible for OCa= ml, since source files do not carry enough information to support inference to a build program, and OPAM packag= es may use a variety of build languages (Dune, Makefiles, OMake, etc.). On the other hand, Dune seems to be the mo= st widely used build engine by a considerable margin, and the Dune language is easy to parse (if not so easy= to interpret), so I’m working on a conversion tool that automatically converts Dune files to BUILD.bazel files.

The other strategy is to rely on OPAM to build dependencies and then &ldquo= ;import” the built artifacts into Bazel. OBazl defines an opam_import rule for this purpose, and a tool that = bazelizes OPAM switches, generating an OBazl ’coswitch’. The mapping from OPAM package name to Bazel label = is straightforward: ’yojson’ to @yojson//lib/yojson, ’lwt.unix’ to @lwt//lib= /unix, etc.

So in practice OBazl supports a hybrid approach. Use Bazel to build your co= de, but import pre-built OPAM dependencies. To do that you run the opam conversion tool to generate a &rs= quo;coswitch’ which defines a local Bazel repo for each OPAM package, and configure your WORKSPACE.bazel to import those r= epos. Write your BUILD.bazel files using opam labels as above. If your project already uses dune, you can run the d= une conversion tool to generate your BUILD.bazel files, which in some cases will need some tweaking, since some = Dune stanzas lack sufficient information for conversion, and in others the conversion code needs complicated logic t= hat I haven’t gotten around to writing, or that does not seem worth the bother.

The OPAM “import” conversion tool is fairly stable. It converts= the META files in OPAM into BUILD.bazel files, which include dependency information. So when you depend on an opam_import<= /code> target you get its entire dependency graph.

The Dune migration tool is another matter. Reverse-engineering the Dune la= nguage is a non-trivial task, lemme tell ya. The good news is that after what seems like eons of work the end is in= sight. I’ve been running it against a semi-random set of projects (js_of_ocaml, ocaml-protoc, some ppx libs, etc.= ) and working through the quirks inch-by-inch. Rule stanzas are a real PITA, can I just say that? In any c= ase, it looks like I should have an alpha release with documentation and some case studies within a week or so. I ho= pe. At the very least I’ll convert my dev configuration into something usable by others so you can follow along if yo= u want.

Old CWN

If you happen to miss a CWN, you can send me a message and I’ll mail it to you, or go take= a look at the archive or= the RSS feed of the a= rchives.

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