[Caml-list] OCaml releases 4.12.0 and 4.11.2

[Caml-list] OCaml releases 4.12.0 and 4.11.2

[Florian Angeletti]

Dear OCaml users,

We have the pleasure of celebrating the birthday of Jacques de Vaucanson
by announcing the joint releases of OCaml version 4.12.0 and 4.11.2 .

Some of the highlights in the 4.12.0 release are:

- Major progress in reducing the difference between the mainline and
   multicore runtime
- A new configuration option `ocaml-option-nnpchecker` which emits an alarm
   when the garbage collector finds out-of-heap pointers that could 
cause a crash
   in the multicore runtime
- Support for macOS/arm64
- Mnemonic names for warnings
- Many quality of life improvements
- Many bug fixes

The 4.11.2 release is a collection of safe bug fixes, cherry-picked from 
the 4.12.0 development
cycle. If you were using OCaml 4.11.1 and cannot yet upgrade to 4.12.0, 
this release is for you.

The full list of changes can be found in the changelogs below.

Those releases are available as OPAM switches, and as a source download 
here:

   https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml/archive/4.12.0.tar.gz
   https://caml.inria.fr/pub/distrib/ocaml-4.12/

and there:

   https://github.com/ocaml/ocaml/archive/4.11.2.tar.gz
   https://caml.inria.fr/pub/distrib/ocaml-4.11/


Happy hacking,

-- Florian Angeletti for the OCaml team.

OCaml 4.11.2 (24 February 2021)
-----------------------------------------------

### Build system:

- #9938, #9939: Define __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=0 for the mingw-w64 ports to
   prevent their C99-compliant snprintf conflicting with ours.
   (David Allsopp, report by Michael Soegtrop, review by Xavier Leroy)

### Runtime system:

- #10056: Memprof: ensure young_trigger is within the bounds of the minor
   heap in caml_memprof_renew_minor_sample (regression from #8684)
   (David Allsopp, review by Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni and
   Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9654: More efficient management of code fragments.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Damien Doligez, and
   Stephen Dolan)

### Tools:

- #9606, #9635, #9637: fix performance regression in the debugger
   (behaviors quadratic in the size of the debugged program)
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Jacques Garrigue and Virgile Prevosto,
   review by David Allsopp and Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

### Code generation and optimizations:

- #9969, #9981: Added mergeable flag to ELF sections containing mergeable
   constants.  Fixes compatibility with the integrated assembler in 
clang 11.0.0.
   (Jacob Young, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

### Bug fixes:

- #9970, #10010: fix the declaration scope of extensible-datatype 
constructors.
   A regression that dates back to 4.08 makes extensible-datatype 
constructors
   with inline records very fragile, for example:
     type 'a t += X of {x : 'a}
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Thomas Refis and Leo White,
    report by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9096, #10096: fix a 4.11.0 performance regression in classes/objects
   declared within a function
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Leo White, report by Sacha Ayoun)

- #9326, #10125: Gc.set incorrectly handles the three `custom_*` fields,
   causing a performance regression
   (report by Emilio Jesús Gallego Arias, analysis and fix by Stephen Dolan,
    code by Xavier Leroy, review by Hugo Heuzard and Gabriel Scherer)



OCaml 4.12.0 (24 February 2021)
-----------------------------------------------

### Supported platforms (highlights):

- #9699: add support for iOS and macOS on ARM 64 bits
   (Eduardo Rafael, review by Xavier Leroy, Nicolás Ojeda Bär
    and Anil Madhavapeddy, additional testing by Michael Schmidt)

### Standard library (highlights):

- #9797: Add Sys.mkdir and Sys.rmdir.
   (David Allsopp, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär, Sébastien Hinderer and
    Xavier Leroy)

* #9765: add init functions to Bigarray.
   (Jeremy Yallop, review by Gabriel Scherer, Nicolás Ojeda Bär, and
    Xavier Leroy)

* #9668: List.equal, List.compare
   (This could break code using "open List" by shadowing
    Stdlib.{equal,compare}.)
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär, Daniel Bünzli and 
Alain Frisch)

- #9066: a new Either module with
   type 'a Either.t = Left of 'a | Right of 'b
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Daniel Bünzli, Thomas Refis, Jeremy Yallop)

- #9066: List.partition_map :
     ('a -> ('b, 'c) Either.t) -> 'a list -> 'b list * 'c list
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Jeremy Yallop)

- #9865: add Format.pp_print_seq
   (Raphaël Proust, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

### Compiler user-interface and warnings (highlights):

- #9657: Warnings can now be referred to by their mnemonic name. The 
names are
   displayed using `-warn-help` and can be utilized anywhere where a 
warning list
   specification is expected.
       ocamlc -w +fragile-match
       ...[@@ocaml.warning "-fragile-match"]
   Note that only a single warning name at a time is supported for now:
   "-w +foo-bar" does not work, you must use "-w +foo -w -bar".
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Gabriel Scherer, Florian Angeletti and
    Leo White)

- #8939: Command-line option to save Linear IR before emit.
   (Greta Yorsh, review by Mark Shinwell, Sébastien Hinderer and 
Frédéric Bour)

- #9003: Start compilation from Emit when the input file is in Linear IR 
format.
   (Greta Yorsh, review by Jérémie Dimino, Gabriel Scherer and Frédéric 
Bour)

### Language features (highlights):

* #9500, #9727, #9866, #9870, #9873: Injectivity annotations
   One can now mark type parameters as injective, which is useful for
   abstract types:
     module Vec : sig type !'a t end = struct type 'a t = 'a array end
   On non-abstract types, this can be used to check the injectivity of
   parameters. Since all parameters of record and sum types are by 
definition
   injective, this only makes sense for type abbreviations:
     type !'a t = 'a list
   Note that this change required making the regularity check stricter.
   (Jacques Garrigue, review by Jeremy Yallop and Leo White)

### Runtime system (highlights):

- #9534, #9947: Introduce a naked pointers checker mode to the runtime
   (configure option --enable-naked-pointers-checker).  Alarms are printed
   when the garbage collector finds out-of-heap pointers that could
   cause a crash in no-naked-pointers mode.
   (Enguerrand Decorne, KC Sivaramakrishnan, Xavier Leroy, Stephen Dolan,
   David Allsopp, Nicolás Ojeda Bär review by Xavier Leroy, Nicolás 
Ojeda Bär)

* #1128, #7503, #9036, #9722, #10069: EINTR-based signal handling.
   When a signal arrives, avoid running its OCaml handler in the middle
   of a blocking section. Instead, allow control to return quickly to
   a polling point where the signal handler can safely run, ensuring that
   I/O locks are not held while it runs. A polling point was removed from
   caml_leave_blocking_section, and one added to caml_raise.
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Goswin von Brederlow, Xavier Leroy, Damien
    Doligez, Anil Madhavapeddy, Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni and Jacques-
    Henri Jourdan)

* #5154, #9569, #9734: Add `Val_none`, `Some_val`, `Is_none`, `Is_some`,
   `caml_alloc_some`, and `Tag_some`. As these macros are sometimes 
defined by
   authors of C bindings, this change may cause warnings/errors in case of
   redefinition.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Stephen Dolan, Gabriel Scherer, Mark 
Shinwell,
   and Xavier Leroy)

* #9674: Memprof: guarantee that an allocation callback is always run
   in the same thread the allocation takes place
   (Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #10025: Track custom blocks (e.g. Bigarray) with Memprof
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Leo White, Gabriel Scherer and Jacques-Henri
    Jourdan)

- #9619: Change representation of function closures so that code pointers
   can be easily distinguished from environment variables
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Mark Shinwell and Damien Doligez)

- #9654: More efficient management of code fragments.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan, Damien Doligez, and
   Stephen Dolan)

### Other libraries (highlights):

- #9573: reimplement Unix.create_process and related functions without
   Unix.fork, for better efficiency and compatibility with threads.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Gabriel Scherer and Anil Madhavapeddy)

- #9575: Add Unix.is_inet6_addr
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9930: new module Semaphore in the thread library, implementing
   counting semaphores and binary semaphores
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Daniel Bünzli and Damien Doligez,
    additional suggestions by Stephen Dolan and Craig Ferguson)

* #9206, #9419: update documentation of the threads library;
   deprecate Thread.kill, Thread.wait_read, Thread.wait_write,
   and the whole ThreadUnix module.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Florian Angeletti, Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni,
    and Gabriel Scherer)

### Manual and documentation (highlights):

- #9755: Manual: post-processing the html generated by ocamldoc and
    hevea. Improvements on design and navigation, including a mobile
    version, and a quick-search functionality for the API.
    (San Vũ Ngọc, review by David Allsopp and Florian Angeletti)

- #9468: HACKING.adoc: using dune to get merlin support
   (Thomas Refis, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9684: document in address_class.h the runtime value model in
   naked-pointers and no-naked-pointers mode
   (Xavier Leroy and Gabriel Scherer)

### Internal/compiler-libs changes (highlights):

- #9464, #9493, #9520, #9563, #9599, #9608, #9647: refactor
   the pattern-matching compiler
   (Thomas Refis and Gabriel Scherer, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #9696: ocamltest now shows its log when a test fails. In addition, the log
   contains the output of executed programs.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by David Allsopp, Sébastien Hinderer and 
Gabriel
   Scherer)

### Build system (highlights):

- #9824, #9837: Honour the CFLAGS and CPPFLAGS variables.
   (Sébastien Hinderer, review by David Allsopp)

- #10063: (Re-)enable building on illumos (SmartOS, OmniOS, ...) and
   Oracle Solaris; x86_64/GCC and 64-bit SPARC/Sun PRO C compilers.
   (partially revert #2024).
   (Tõivo Leedjärv and Konstantin Romanov,
    review by Gabriel Scherer, Sébastien Hinderer and Xavier Leroy)


### Language features:

- #1655: pattern aliases do not ignore type constraints
   (Thomas Refis, review by Jacques Garrigue and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9429: Add unary operators containing `#` to the parser for use in ppx
   rewriters
   (Leo White, review by Damien Doligez)

### Runtime system:

* #9697: Remove the Is_in_code_area macro and the registration of DLL code
   areas in the page table, subsumed by the new code fragment management API
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9756: garbage collector colors change
   removes the gray color from the major gc
   (Sadiq Jaffer and Stephen Dolan reviewed by Xavier Leroy,
   KC Sivaramakrishnan, Damien Doligez and Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

* #9513: Selectively initialise blocks in `Obj.new_block`. Reject 
`Custom_tag`
   objects and zero-length `String_tag` objects.
   (KC Sivaramakrishnan, review by David Allsopp, Xavier Leroy, Mark 
Shinwell
   and Leo White)

- #9564: Add a macro to construct out-of-heap block header.
   (KC Sivaramakrishnan, review by Stephen Dolan, Gabriel Scherer,
    and Xavier Leroy)

- #9951: Ensure that the mark stack push optimisation handles naked pointers
   (KC Sivaramakrishnan, reported by Enguerrand Decorne, review by Gabriel
    Scherer, and Xavier Leroy)

- #9678: Reimplement `Obj.reachable_words` using a hash table to
   detect sharing, instead of temporary in-place modifications.  This
   is a prerequisite for Multicore OCaml.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan and Sébastien Hinderer)

- #1795, #9543: modernize signal handling on Linux i386, PowerPC, and s390x,
   adding support for Musl ppc64le along the way.
   (Xavier Leroy and Anil Madhavapeddy, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9648, #9689: Update the generic hash function to take advantage
   of the new representation for function closures
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9649: Update the marshaler (output_value) to take advantage
   of the new representation for function closures
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Damien Doligez)

- #10050: update {PUSH,}OFFSETCLOSURE* bytecode instructions to match new
   representation for closures
   (Nathanaël Courant, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9728: Take advantage of the new closure representation to simplify the
   compaction algorithm and remove its dependence on the page table
   (Damien Doligez, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan and Xavier Leroy)

- #2195: Improve error message in bytecode stack trace printing and load
   debug information during bytecode startup if OCAMLRUNPARAM=b=2.
   (David Allsopp, review by Gabriel Scherer and Xavier Leroy)

- #9466: Memprof: optimize random samples generation.
   (Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by Xavier Leroy and Stephen Dolan)

- #9628: Memprof: disable sampling when memprof is suspended.
   (Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by Gabriel Scherer and Stephen Dolan)

- #10056: Memprof: ensure young_trigger is within the bounds of the minor
   heap in caml_memprof_renew_minor_sample (regression from #8684)
   (David Allsopp, review by Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni and
   Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9508: Remove support for FreeBSD prior to 4.0R, that required explicit
   floating-point initialization to behave like IEEE standard
   (Hannes Mehnert, review by David Allsopp)

- #8807, #9503: Use different symbols for do_local_roots on bytecode and 
native
   (Stephen Dolan, review by David Allsopp and Xavier Leroy)

- #9670: Report full major collections in Gc stats.
   (Leo White, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9675: Remove the caml_static_{alloc,free,resize} primitives, now unused.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9710: Drop "support" for an hypothetical JIT for OCaml bytecode
    which has never existed.
   (Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9742, #9989: Ephemerons are now compatible with infix pointers occurring
    when using mutually recursive functions.
    (Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by François Bobot)

- #9888, #9890: Fixes a bug in the `riscv` backend where register t0 was not
   saved/restored when performing a GC. This could potentially lead to a
   segfault.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, report by Xavier Leroy, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9907: Fix native toplevel on native Windows.
   (David Allsopp, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #9909: Remove caml_code_area_start and caml_code_area_end globals (no 
longer
   needed as the pagetable heads towards retirement).
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9949: Clarify documentation of GC message 0x1 and make sure it is
   displayed every time a major cycle is forcibly finished.
   (Damien Doligez, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #10062: set ARCH_INT64_PRINTF_FORMAT correctly for both modes of mingw-w64
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

### Code generation and optimizations:

- #9551: ocamlc no longer loads DLLs at link time to check that
   external functions referenced from OCaml code are defined.
   Instead, .so/.dll files are parsed directly by pure OCaml code.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Daniel Bünzli, Gabriel Scherer,
    Anil Madhavapeddy, and Xavier Leroy)

- #9620: Limit the number of parameters for an uncurried or untupled
    function.  Functions with more parameters than that are left
    partially curried or tupled.
    (Xavier Leroy, review by Mark Shinwell)

- #9752: Revised handling of calling conventions for external C functions.
    Provide a more precise description of the types of unboxed arguments,
    so that the ARM64 iOS/macOS calling conventions can be honored.
    (Xavier Leroy, review by Mark Shinwell and Eduardo Rafael)

- #9838: Ensure that Cmm immediates are generated as Cconst_int where
   possible, improving instruction selection.
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Leo White and Xavier Leroy)

- #9864: Revised recognition of immediate arguments to integer operations.
   Fixes several issues that could have led to producing assembly code
   that is rejected by the assembler.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9969, #9981: Added mergeable flag to ELF sections containing mergeable
   constants.  Fixes compatibility with the integrated assembler in 
clang 11.0.0.
   (Jacob Young, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

### Standard library:

- #9781: add injectivity annotations to parameterized abstract types
   (Jeremy Yallop, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

* #9554: add primitive __FUNCTION__ that returns the name of the current 
method
   or function, including any enclosing module or class.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, Stephen Dolan, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9075: define to_rev_seq in Set and Map modules.
   (Sébastien Briais, review by Gabriel Scherer and Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9561: Unbox Unix.gettimeofday and Unix.time
   (Stephen Dolan, review by David Allsopp)

- #9570: Provide an Atomic module with a trivial purely-sequential
   implementation, to help write code that is compatible with Multicore
   OCaml.
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #10035: Make sure that flambda respects atomicity in the Atomic module.
   (Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9571: Make at_exit and Printexc.register_printer thread-safe.
   (Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni, review by Gabriel Scherer and Xavier Leroy)

- #9587: Arg: new Rest_all spec to get all rest arguments in a list
   (this is similar to Rest, but makes it possible to detect when there
    are no arguments (an empty list) after the rest marker)
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär and David Allsopp)

- #9655: Obj: introduce type raw_data and functions raw_field, set_raw_field
    to manipulate out-of-heap pointers in no-naked-pointer mode,
    and more generally all other data that is not a well-formed OCaml value
    (Xavier Leroy, review by Damien Doligez and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9663: Extend Printexc API for raw backtrace entries.
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9763: Add function Hashtbl.rebuild to convert from old hash table
   formats (that may have been saved to persistent storage) to the
   current hash table format.  Remove leftover support for the hash
   table format and generic hash function that were in use before OCaml 
4.00.
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #10070: Fix Float.Array.blit when source and destination arrays coincide.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Alain Frisch and Xavier Leroy)

### Other libraries:

- #8796: On Windows, make Unix.utimes use FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS flag
   to allow it to work with directories.
   (Daniil Baturin, review by Damien Doligez)

- #9593: Use new flag for non-elevated symbolic links and test for Developer
   Mode on Windows
   (Manuel Hornung, review by David Allsopp and Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

* #9601: Return EPERM for EUNKNOWN -1314 in win32unix (principally affects
   error handling when Unix.symlink is unavailable)
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9338, #9790: Dynlink: make sure *_units () functions report accurate
   information before the first load.
   (Daniel Bünzli, review by Xavier Leroy and Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

* #9757, #9846, #10161: check proper ownership when operating over mutexes.
   Now, unlocking a mutex held by another thread or not locked at all
   reliably raises a Sys_error exception.  Before, it was undefined
   behavior, but the documentation did not say so.
   Likewise, locking a mutex already locked by the current thread
   reliably raises a Sys_error exception.  Before, it could
   deadlock or succeed (and do recursive locking), depending on the OS.
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni, review by
   Guillaume Munch-Maccagnoni, David Allsopp, and Stephen Dolan)

- #9802: Ensure signals are handled before Unix.kill returns
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9869, #10073: Add Unix.SO_REUSEPORT
   (Yishuai Li, review by Xavier Leroy, amended by David Allsopp)

- #9906, #9914: Add Unix._exit as a way to exit the process immediately,
   skipping any finalization action
   (Ivan Gotovchits and Xavier Leroy, review by Sébastien Hinderer and
    David Allsopp)

- #9958: Raise exception in case of error in Unix.setsid.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9971, #9973: Make sure the process can terminate when the last thread
   calls Thread.exit.
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Jacques-Henri Jourdan, review by David Allsopp
   and Jacques-Henri Jourdan).

### Tools:

- #9551: ocamlobjinfo is now able to display information on .cmxs shared
   libraries natively; it no longer requires libbfd to do so
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Daniel Bünzli, Gabriel Scherer,
    Anil Madhavapeddy, and Xavier Leroy)

* #9299, #9795: ocamldep: do not process files during cli parsing. Fixes
   various broken cli behaviours.
   (Daniel Bünzli, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

### Debugging and profiling:

- #9606, #9635, #9637: fix 4.10 performance regression in the debugger
   (behaviors quadratic in the size of the debugged program)
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Jacques Garrigue and Virgile Prevosto,
   review by David Allsopp and Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9948: Remove Spacetime.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Stephen Dolan and Xavier Leroy)

### Manual and documentation:

- #10142, #10154: improved rendering and latex code for toplevel code 
examples.
   (Florian Angeletti, report by John Whitington, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9745: Manual: Standard Library labeled and unlabeled documentation 
unified
   (John Whitington, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär, David Allsopp,
    Thomas Refis, and Florian Angeletti)

- #9877: manual, warn that multi-index indexing operators should be 
defined in
   conjunction of single-index ones.
   (Florian Angeletti, review by Hezekiah M. Carty, Gabriel Scherer,
    and Marcello Seri)

- #10233: Document `-save-ir-after scheduling` and update `-stop-after` 
options.
   (Greta Yorsh, review by Gabriel Scherer and Florian Angeletti)

### Compiler user-interface and warnings:

- #1931: rely on levels to enforce principality in patterns
   (Thomas Refis and Leo White, review by Jacques Garrigue)

* #9011: Do not create .a/.lib files when creating a .cmxa with no modules.
   macOS ar doesn't support creating empty .a files (#1094) and MSVC doesn't
   permit .lib files to contain no objects. When linking with a .cmxa 
containing
   no modules, it is now not an error for there to be no .a/.lib file.
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9560: Report partial application warnings on type errors in applications.
   (Stephen Dolan, report and testcase by whitequark, review by Gabriel 
Scherer
    and Thomas Refis)

- #9583: when bytecode linking fails due to an unavailable module, the 
module
   that requires it is now included in the error message.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Vincent Laviron)

- #9615: Attach package type attributes to core_type.
   When parsing constraints on a first class module, attributes found 
after the
   module type were parsed but ignored. Now they are attached to the
   corresponding core_type.
   (Etienne Millon, review by Thomas Refis)

- #6633, #9673: Add hint when a module is used instead of a module type or
   when a module type is used instead of a module or when a class type 
is used
   instead of a class.
   (Xavier Van de Woestyne, report by whitequark, review by Florian 
Angeletti
   and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9754: allow [@tailcall true] (equivalent to [@tailcall]) and
   [@tailcall false] (warns if on a tailcall)
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9751: Add warning 68. Pattern-matching depending on mutable state
   prevents the remaining arguments from being uncurried.
   (Hugo Heuzard, review by Leo White)

- #9783: Widen warning 16 (Unerasable optional argument) to more cases.
   (Leo White, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #10008: Improve error message for aliases to the current compilation unit.
   (Leo White, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #10046: Link all DLLs with -static-libgcc on mingw32 to prevent dependency
   on libgcc_s_sjlj-1.dll with mingw-w64 runtime 8.0.0 (previously this was
   only needed for dllunix.dll).
   (David Allsopp, report by Andreas Hauptmann, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9634: Allow initial and repeated commas in `OCAMLRUNPARAM`.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Gabriel Scherer)

### Internal/compiler-libs changes:

- #8987: Make some locations more accurate
   (Thomas Refis, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9216: add Lambda.duplicate which refreshes bound identifiers
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Pierre Chambart and Vincent Laviron)

- #9376: Remove spurious Ptop_defs from #use
   (Leo White, review by Damien Doligez)

- #9604: refactoring of the ocamltest codebase.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Gabriel Scherer and Sébastien Hinderer)

- #9498, #9511: make the pattern-matching analyzer more robust to
   or-pattern explosion, by stopping after the first counter-example to
   exhaustivity
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Luc Maranget, Thomas Refis and Florian 
Angeletti,
    report by Alex Fedoseev through Hongbo Zhang)

- #9514: optimize pattern-matching exhaustivity analysis in the 
single-row case
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Stephen DOlan)

- #9442: refactor the implementation of the [@tailcall] attribute
   to allow for a structured attribute payload
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Vladimir Keleshev and Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9688: Expose the main entrypoint in compilerlibs
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär, Greta Yorsh and David 
Allsopp)

- #9715: recheck scope escapes after normalising paths
   (Matthew Ryan, review by Gabriel Scherer and Thomas Refis)

- #9778: Fix printing for bindings where polymorphic type annotations and
   attributes are present.
   (Matthew Ryan, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9797, #9849: Eliminate the routine use of external commands in ocamltest.
   ocamltest no longer calls the mkdir, rm and ln external commands (at 
present,
   the only external command ocamltest uses is diff).
   (David Allsopp, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär, Sébastien Hinderer and
    Xavier Leroy)

- #9801: Don't ignore EOL-at-EOF differences in ocamltest.
   (David Allsopp, review by Damien Doligez, much input and thought from
    Daniel Bünzli, Damien Doligez, Sébastien Hinderer, and Xavier Leroy)

- #9889: more caching when printing types with -short-path.
   (Florian Angeletti, review by Gabriel Scherer)

-  #9591: fix pprint of polyvariants that start with a core_type, closed,
    not low (Chet Murthy, review by Florian Angeletti)

-  #9590: fix pprint of extension constructors (and exceptions) that rebind
    (Chet Murthy, review by octachron@)

- #9963: Centralized tracking of frontend's global state
   (Frédéric Bour and Thomas Refis, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9631: Named text sections for caml_system__code_begin/end symbols
   (Greta Yorsh, review by Frédéric Bour)

- #9896: Share the strings representing scopes, fixing some regression
   on .cmo/.cma sizes
   (Alain Frisch and Xavier Clerc, review by Gabriel Scherer)

### Build system:

- #9332, #9518, #9529: Cease storing C dependencies in the codebase. C
   dependencies are generated on-the-fly in development mode. For 
incremental
   compilation, the MSVC ports require GCC to be present.
   (David Allsopp, review by Sébastien Hinderer, YAML-fu by Stephen Dolan)

- #7121, #9558: Always have the autoconf-discovered ld in PACKLD, with
   extra flags in new variable PACKLD_FLAGS. For
   cross-compilation, this means the triplet-prefixed version will always be
   used.
   (David Allsopp, report by Adrian Nader, review by Sébastien Hinderer)

- #9527: stop including configuration when running 'clean' rules
   to avoid C dependency recomputation.
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by David Allsopp)

- #9804: Build C stubs of libraries in otherlibs/ with debug info.
   (Stephen Dolan, review by Sébastien Hinderer and David Allsopp)

- #9938, #9939: Define __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO=0 for the mingw-w64 ports to
   prevent their C99-compliant snprintf conflicting with ours.
   (David Allsopp, report by Michael Soegtrop, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9895, #9523: Avoid conflict with C++20 by not installing VERSION to 
the OCaml
   Standard Library directory.
   (Bernhard Schommer, review by David Allsopp)

- #10044: Always report the detected ARCH, MODEL and SYSTEM, even for 
bytecode-
   only builds (fixes a "configuration regression" from 4.08 for the Windows
   builds)
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #10071: Fix bug in tests/misc/weaklifetime.ml that was reported in #10055
   (Damien Doligez and Gabriel Scherer, report by David Allsopp)

### Bug fixes:

- #7538, #9669: Check for misplaced attributes on module aliases
   (Leo White, report by Thomas Leonard, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #7813, #9955: make sure the major GC cycle doesn't get stuck in Idle state
   (Damien Doligez, report by Anders Fugmann, review by Jacques-Henri 
Jourdan)

- #7902, #9556: Type-checker infers recursive type, even though -rectypes is
   off.
   (Jacques Garrigue, report by Francois Pottier, review by Leo White)

- #8746: Hashtbl: Restore ongoing traversal status after filter_map_inplace
   (Mehdi Bouaziz, review by Alain Frisch)

- #8747, #9709: incorrect principality warning on functional updates of 
records
   (Jacques Garrigue, report and review by Thomas Refis)

* #8907, #9878: `Typemod.normalize_signature` uses wrong environment
   (Jacques Garrigue, report and review by Leo White)

- #9421, #9427: fix printing of (::) in ocamldoc
   (Florian Angeletti, report by Yawar Amin, review by Damien Doligez)

- #9440: for a type extension constructor with parameterised arguments,
   REPL displayed <poly> for each as opposed to the concrete values used.
   (Christian Quinn, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9433: Fix package constraints for module aliases
   (Leo White, review by Jacques Garrigue)

- #9469: Better backtraces for lazy values
   (Leo White, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9521, #9522: correctly fail when comparing functions
   with Closure and Infix tags.
   (Gabriel Scherer and Jeremy Yallop and Xavier Leroy,
    report by Twitter user @st_toHKR through Jun Furuse)

- #9611: maintain order of load path entries in various situations: when 
passing
   them to system linker, ppx contexts, etc.
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Jérémie Dimino and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9633: ocamltest: fix a bug when certain variables set in test scripts 
would
   be ignored (eg `ocamlrunparam`).
   (Nicolás Ojeda Bär, review by Sébastien Hinderer)

- #9681, #9690, #9693: small runtime changes
   for the new closure representation (#9619)
   (Xavier Leroy, Sadiq Jaffer, Gabriel Scherer,
    review by Xavier Leroy and Jacques-Henri Jourdan)

- #9739, #9747: Avoid calling type variables, types that are not 
variables in
   recursive occurrence error messages
   (for instance, "Type variable int occurs inside int list")
   (Florian Angeletti, report by Stephen Dolan, review by Armaël Guéneau)

- #9759, #9767: Spurious GADT ambiguity without -principal
   (Jacques Garrigue, report by Thomas Refis,
    review by Thomas Refis and Gabriel Scherer)

- #9799, #9803: make pat_env point to the correct environment
   (Thomas Refis, report by Alex Fedoseev, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9825, #9830: the C global variable caml_fl_merge and the C function
   caml_spacetime_my_profinfo (bytecode version) were declared and
   defined with different types.  This is undefined behavior and
   cancause link-time errors with link-time optimization (LTO).
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Richard Jones, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #9753: fix build for Android
   (Eduardo Rafael, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9848, #9855: Fix double free of bytecode in toplevel
   (Stephen Dolan, report by Sampsa Kiiskinen, review by Gabriel Scherer)

- #9858, #9861: Compiler fails with Ctype.Nondep_cannot_erase exception
   (Thomas Refis, report by Philippe Veber, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #9860: wrong range constraint for subtract immediate on zSystems / s390x
   (Xavier Leroy, review by Stephen Dolan)

- #9868, #9872, #9892: bugs in {in,out}_channel_length and seek_in
   for files opened in text mode under Windows
   (Xavier Leroy, report by Alain Frisch, review by Nicolás Ojeda Bär
   and Alain Frisch)

- #9925: Correct passing -fdebug-prefix-map to flexlink on Cygwin by 
prefixing
   it with -link.
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9927: Restore Cygwin64 support.
   (David Allsopp, review by Xavier Leroy)

- #9940: Fix unboxing of allocated constants from other compilation units
   (Vincent Laviron, report by Stephen Dolan, review by Xavier Leroy and
   Stephen Dolan)

- #9991: Fix reproducibility for `-no-alias-deps`
   (Leo White, review by Gabriel Scherer and Florian Angeletti)

- #9998: Use Sys.opaque_identity in CamlinternalLazy.force
   This removes extra warning 59 messages when compiling afl-instrumented
   code with flambda -O3.
   (Vincent Laviron, report by Louis Gesbert, review by Gabriel Scherer and
    Pierre Chambart)

- #9999: fix -dsource printing of the pattern (`A as x | (`B as x)).
   (Gabriel Scherer, report by Anton Bachin, review by Florian Angeletti)

- #9970, #10010: fix the declaration scope of extensible-datatype 
constructors.
   A regression that dates back to 4.08 makes extensible-datatype 
constructors
   with inline records very fragile, for example:
     type 'a t += X of {x : 'a}
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Thomas Refis and Leo White,
    report by Nicolás Ojeda Bär)

- #10048: Fix bug with generalized local opens.
   (Leo White, review by Thomas Refis)

- #10106, #10112: some expected-type explanations were forgotten
   after some let-bindings
   (Gabriel Scherer, review by Thomas Refis and Florian Angeletti,
    report by Daniil Baturin)